IMD
The English Indices of Deprivation 2019 (IoD2019) are a measure of relative deprivation in 32,844 small areas. The code below creates a choropleth map showing the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019 by decile in Wigan.
Ingredients
Instructions
- Load the necessary R packages.
library(tidyverse) ; library(janitor) ; library(sf)- Create a string object with the name of your local authority, e.g. Wigan.
la <- "Wigan"- Retrieve the English Indices of Deprivation (2019) for Wigan.
imd <- read_csv("https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/833982/File_7_-_All_IoD2019_Scores__Ranks__Deciles_and_Population_Denominators.csv") %>%
clean_names() %>%
filter(local_authority_district_name_2019 == la) %>%
select(lsoa11cd = 1, 5:34) %>%
gather(variable, value, -lsoa11cd) %>%
mutate(measure = case_when(str_detect(variable, "score") ~ "score",
str_detect(variable, "decile") ~ "decile",
str_detect(variable, "rank") ~ "rank"),
index_domain = case_when(str_detect(variable, "index_of_multiple_deprivation") ~ "Index of Multiple Deprivation",
str_detect(variable, "employment") ~ "Employment",
str_detect(variable, "education") ~ "Education, Skills and Training",
str_detect(variable, "health") ~ "Health Deprivation and Disability",
str_detect(variable, "crime") ~ "Crime",
str_detect(variable, "barriers") ~ "Barriers to Housing and Services",
str_detect(variable, "living") ~ "Living Environment",
str_detect(variable, "idaci") ~ "Income Deprivation Affecting Children",
str_detect(variable, "idaopi") ~ "Income Deprivation Affecting Older People",
TRUE ~ "Income")) %>%
select(lsoa11cd,
measure,
value,
index_domain) %>%
spread(measure, value) %>%
mutate(year = "2019")- Retrieve a vector boundary layer of Lower-layer Super Output areas for Wigan and join the deprivation data to it.
lsoa <- st_read(paste0("https://ons-inspire.esriuk.com/arcgis/rest/services/Census_Boundaries/Lower_Super_Output_Areas_December_2011_Boundaries/MapServer/2/query?where=UPPER(lsoa11nm)%20like%20'%25", URLencode(toupper(la), reserved = TRUE), "%25'&outFields=lsoa11cd,lsoa11nm&outSR=4326&f=geojson")) %>%
st_as_sf(crs = 4326, coords = c("long", "lat")) %>%
left_join(imd, by = "lsoa11cd") %>%
mutate(decile = factor(decile, levels = c(1:10), ordered = TRUE))- Choose the Index of Multiple Deprivation or a specific domain.
levels(as.factor(lsoa$index_domain)) # to view the available domains
domain <- filter(lsoa, index_domain == "Index of Multiple Deprivation")- Plot the results as a map.
ggplot() +
geom_sf(data = domain,
aes(fill = factor(decile)), alpha = 0.8, colour = "#FFFFFF", size = 0.2) +
scale_fill_manual(breaks = 1:10,
values = c("#453B52", "#454F69", "#3F657E", "#317B8D", "#239296", "#26A898", "#43BD93", "#6AD189", "#98E37D", "#CAF270"),
labels = c("Most\ndeprived", 2:9, "Least\ndeprived")) +
labs(title = paste0(unique(domain$index_domain), ", 2019"),
subtitle = paste0(la, "'s Lower-layer Super Output Areas by decile"),
caption = "Source: English Indices of Deprivation (2019), MHCLG \n Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2019",
x = NULL, y = NULL,
fill = "") +
coord_sf(crs = st_crs(4326), datum = NA) +
theme_void() +
theme(plot.margin = unit(c(0.5,0.5,0.5,0.5), "cm"),
plot.title = element_text(size = 18, face = "bold"),
plot.subtitle = element_text(size = 12),
plot.caption = element_text(size = 9, colour = "#757575", hjust = 1, margin = margin(t = 15)),
legend.position = "bottom") +
guides(fill = guide_legend(label.position = "bottom",
label.hjust = 0,
direction = "horizontal",
nrow = 1,
keyheight = unit(2, units = "mm"),
keywidth = unit(5, units = "mm")))- Output the map as a PNG file.
ggsave("imd.png", dpi = 300)